Quenched and tempered steel pipe with high fatigue life, and its manufacturing method

ABSTRACT

Provided is a steel pipe suitable for machine structure members that are required to be lightweight, of which the strength is increased and the fatigue life is prolonged with preventing the increase in the material cost and the production cost. The steel pipe is a high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe having a composition comprising, % by mass, C: 0.1 to 0.4%, Si: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.3 to 2%, P: at most 0.02%, S: at most 0.01%, Cr: 0.1 to 2%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.1%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.1%, Al: at most 0.1%, B: 0.0005 to 0.01%, N: at most 0.01%, and optionally at least one of Ni: at most 0.5%, Ca: at most 0.02%, Mo: at most 0.5% and V: at most 0.5%, with a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, in which the mean grain size of the precipitated carbides is at most 0.5 μm and of which the hardness in the center part of the wall thickness in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe is at least 400 HV.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a steel pipe obtained through quenchingand tempering treatment and excellent in fatigue characteristics,especially to such a quenched/tempered steel pipe for machine structuralmembers that has been designed to have a high strength by increasing thehardness thereof and to have a high fatigue life by precipitating finecarbides therein, and relates to a method for producing it.

2. Background Art

In various machine structures such as typically automobiles, often usedare quenched/tempered “steel pipes” for members that are required tohave a high strength and good fatigue characteristics.

In general, for improving the fatigue characteristics of steelmaterials, surface hardening or smoothing is said to be effective.

Patent Reference 1 discloses a technique of improving fatiguecharacteristics by surface hardening through nitriding treatment. PatentReference 2 discloses a technique of improving the fatiguecharacteristics of steel pipes by grinding the inner surface of a steelpipe for smoothing and for decarburized layer removal.

-   [Patent Reference 1] JP-A 6-264177-   [Patent Reference 2] JP-A 7-215038

Nowadays, various members of machine structures are increasinglyrequired to be downsized and lightweight. High-strength members composedof steel pipes are no exceptions.

For making steel pipe members lightweight, it is most effective toreduce the pipe wall thickness thereof. However, thin-walled structuresare disadvantageous in point of the strength and the fatigue lifethereof. In particular, steel pipes are often worked to have a desiredshape by bending or the like, but the outside wall of the bent part hasa reduced thickness and is in a severe state in point of the durability.Accordingly, for satisfying the requirement for wall thicknessreduction, it is desired to improve the level of the characteristics ofsteel pipes themselves, or that is, to elevate the fatigue life of steelpipes to a further higher level with maintaining the high strengththereof.

It is not always easy to reduce the pipe wall thickness of high-strengthsteel pipes with maintaining the durability thereof to that effect. As ameans for solving the problem, for example, a method may be taken intoconsideration of improving the strength/fatigue characteristic level ofsteel materials themselves by addition of specific elements thereto.However, for many machine structures, such a method that may bring aboutmaterial cost increase is unacceptable. The method of surface nitridingas in Patent Reference 1, and the method of inner surface grinding as inPatent Reference 2 may be effective for improving fatiguecharacteristics, but both involve increase in process steps; and thecurrent steel pipe production process could not be directly appliedthereto. The method of Patent Reference 2 has another problem of processyield reduction.

Accordingly, it is not easy to increase the level of the fatigue life ofhigh-strength steel pipes with maintaining the high strength thereofaccording to an inexpensive method, and at present, such a method is notas yet established.

In consideration of the current situation as above, the presentinvention is to provide a steel pipe that is designed to have a furtherincreased high strength and a further improved fatigue life, especiallyto such a steel pipe suitable for wall thickness reduction in hollowstabilizers for automobiles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventors have made assiduous studies and, as a result, havefound that the fatigue life of a steel pipe can be significantlyimproved with maintaining the high strength of the steel pipe, eventhough any specific constitutive element is not added and any specificstep is not employed. In other words, the inventors have known that, inthe combination of the constitutive composition and thequenching/tempering condition, there is still room to consider how thefatigue life can be significantly improved; and the inventors havesucceeded in finding out the “solution” and have completed the presentinvention.

Specifically, the invention provides a high fatigue lifequenched/tempered steel pipe having a composition comprising, % by mass,C: 0.1 to 0.4%, Si: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.3 to 2%, P: at most 0.02%, S: atmost 0.01%, Cr: 0.1 to 2%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.1%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.1%, Al: atmost 0.1%, B: 0.0005 to 0.01%, N: at most 0.006%, and optionally atleast one of Ni: at most 0.5%, Ca: at most 0.02%, Mo: at most 0.5% andV: at most 0.5%, with a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, inwhich the mean grain size of the precipitated carbides is at most 0.5 μmand of which the hardness in the center part of the wall thickness inthe cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of thesteel pipe is at least 400 HV. In this case, for example, those having awall thickness t of from 1 to 7 mm and an outer diameter D of the pipeof from 10 to 45 mm and satisfying D/t≧4 are preferred objects.

For producing the steel pipe of the type, there is provided a method forproducing a high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe, comprisingquenching treatment of keeping an unquenched starting steel pipe havingthe above-mentioned ingredient composition at 900 to 1100° C. for 10 to60 seconds and then rapidly cooling it, followed by tempering treatmentof keeping it at 280 to 380° C. for 10 to 60 minutes. In this,preferably, an annealed steel plate having a thickness t of from 1 to 7mm is used as the starting steel plate, and this is formed into a pipeby welding to be the starting steel pipe having an outer diameter D offrom 10 to 45 mm and satisfying D/t≧4.

The invention has made it possible to significantly improve the fatiguelife of high-strength steel pipes for use in various machine structuralmembers with using inexpensive steel on the same level as that ofconventional materials. Owing to the improvement in characteristics,further improvement in durability and further reduction in the wallthickness of members has been realized in hollow stabilizers forautomobiles and in other steel pipes for machine structures. Inproducing the steel pipe of the invention, any special step isunnecessary. Accordingly, the invention contributes toward enhancing thedurability of machine structural members such as typically automobileparts and toward making those members lightweight

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In the invention, used is a steel in which the content of eachconstitutive element is controlled as mentioned below. “%” indicatingthe alloying element content means “% by mass”.

C must be in an amount of at least 0.1% for the purpose of securing thestrength and the spring property necessary for high fatigue life steelpipes for machine structures. However, when too much, there may occurbrittle fracture owing to toughness reduction, and there may occur arisk of fatigue life depression owing to the reduction in the grainboundary strength. If so, addition, the workability in pipe productionand the soundness of the welded part may worsen. Accordingly, the Ccontent is defined to fall within a range of at most 0.4%.

Si is an element effective for improving the quenchability and thetemper softening resistance and for securing the strength of the steelafter tempering. In addition, in tempering, Si prevents the formation offilmy carbides and promotes the formation of fine carbides having a meangrain size of at most 0.5 μm, thereby preventing the reduction in thegrain boundary strength of steel. Si is an indispensable element forattaining high fatigue life, and must be in an amount of at least 0.5%.However, when the Si content is too high, coarse carbides may be formedin the grain boundary by which the fatigue life of steel may be ratherlowered. Accordingly, the Si content is defined to be within a range ofat most 1.5%.

Mn is an element effective for securing the quenchability and thestrength of steel; and for fully exhibiting the effect, Mn must be in anamount of at least 0.3%. However, if too much, the carbon equivalent mayincrease and too much Mn may have some negative influence on theworkability and the soundness of the welded part of steel. Accordingly,the Mn content is defined to be within a range of at most 2%.

P segregates in the austenite grain boundary in quenching, and owing tothe reduction in the grain boundary strength, the fatigue life of steelis thereby lowered. Accordingly, the P content is defined to be at most0.02%.

S forms MnS in steel, and this is the start point of cracking, therebylowering the strength and the toughness of steel. In addition, Ssegregates in the grain boundary, therefore bringing about fatigue lifereduction. Accordingly, the S content is defined to be at most 0.01%.

Like Mn, Cr is effective for improving the quenchability of steel andincreases the temper softening resistance, and therefore, Cr must be inan amount of at least 0.1%. However, when the Cr content is more than2%, the quenched/tempered texture of steel may contain a large quantityof undissolved carbides, and the carbides form start points of crackingtherefore causing reduction in the toughness and the fatigue life ofsteel. Accordingly, the Cr content is defined to be from 0.1 to 2%.

Ti fixes N in steel as TiN therein, therefore contributing towardsecuring the solid solution B effective for improving the quenchabilityof steel. In addition, Ti prevents prior austenite grains from furthergrowing into coarse grains in quenching, therefore improving the fatiguelife of steel. For fully exhibiting the effect, the Ti content must beat least 0.01%. However, even though Ti is added in an amount more than0.1%, the effect thereof of preventing prior austenite grains fromfurther growing into coarse grains may be saturated, and Ti associatedinclusions to be start points of fatigue fracture may rather increase.Accordingly, the Ti content is defined to be from 0.01 to 0.1%.

Nb forms carbonitrides and acts to prevent prior austenite grains fromfurther growing into coarse grains and to improve the toughness and thefatigue life of steel. For fully exhibiting the effect, the Nb contentmust be at least 0.01%. However, when the Nb content is more than 0.1%,the above effect would be saturated and it would be uneconomical.Accordingly, the Nb content is defined to be from 0.01 to 0.1%.

Al is an element effective for deoxygenation and is also effective forpreventing the austenite crystal grains from growing into coarse grainsin quenching. As total Al (T.Al), the Al content is preferably securedto be at least 0.01%. However, too much Al, if any, may have somenegative influence on the toughness and the fatigue life of theelectro-seam welded part of steel. Accordingly, the Al content (T.Al) isdefined to be at most 0.1%, more preferably at most 0.05%.

Addition of a minor amount of B may be effective for increasing thequenchability of steel. In addition, B reinforces the prior austenitegrain boundary of quenched/tempered steel to prevent the brittlefracture thereof, and is therefore effective for improving the toughnessof steel. For fully exhibiting the effect, the B content must be atleast 0.0005%. However, when more than 0.01%, the effect may besaturated. Accordingly, the B content is defined to be from 0.0005 to0.01%, more preferably falling within a range of from 0.002 to 0.01%.

N consumes B in forming BN, and is therefore a negative factor inensuring the effect of B added to steel. Accordingly, the N content ispreferably as small as possible. As a result of various investigations,the N content may be acceptable up to 0.01%, but is more preferably atmost 0.006%.

Ni forms carbonitrides and is effective for improving the quenchability,the toughness and the fatigue life of steel; and therefore, Ni may beadded to steel, if desired. More effectively, the Ni content is securedto be at least 0.1%. However, if more than 0.5%, the above effect may besaturated and it would be uneconomical. Accordingly, the amount of Ni,if added, shall be within a range of at most 0.5%.

Ca has an effect of spheroidizing MnS-type inclusions in steel, by whichthe anisotropy of steel may be reduced. Accordingly, if desired, Ca maybe added to steel, and more effectively, its content may be at least0.001%. However, if too much, Ca associated inclusions may increase insteel, thereby having some negative influence on the fatiguecharacteristics of steel. Accordingly, the amount of Ca, if added, shallbe within a range of at most 0.02%.

Mo is an element effective for improving the quenchability and thetemper softening resistance of steel, and is therefore secondarily addedfor preventing the toughness degradation to be caused by excess additionof Mn and Cr. More effectively, the Mo content, if any, is secured to beat least 0.1%. However, Mo is an expensive element, and too muchaddition thereof detracts from the economical potential of theinvention. Accordingly, Mo addition, if any, shall be within a range ofat most 0.5%.

V has an effect of refining the crystal grains in quenching, and iseffective for improving the toughness of steel; and therefore, V isoptionally added to steel. More effectively, the V content is secured tobe at least 0.1%. However, V is also an expensive element, and too muchaddition thereof detracts from the economical potential of theinvention. Accordingly, V addition, if any, shall be within a range ofat most 0.5%.

The starting steel pipe having the chemical composition as above isprocessed for quenching and tempering as defined in the inventionthereby giving a steel pipe having a significantly improved fatigue lifewith maintaining the high strength thereof.

For producing the steel pipe, employable is a method of producing aseamless steel pipe from a billet; however, a method comprisingpreparing a “starting steel plate” from a hot-rolled steel plate or acold-rolled steel plate by annealing followed by working it into a steelpipe by high-frequency welding or the like is more suitable formass-production of steel pipes. The “starting steel plate” for pipeproduction is preferably a sufficiently-softened annealed steel plate inorder that the plate is durable to deformation in pipe production and tobending operation after pipe production. Preferably, a starting steelplate softened and annealed in a temperature range lower than the Ac₁point thereof is used for pipe production. The annealed texture of steelto which the invention is directed comprises nearly “ferrite+1.5 to 6vol. % carbide”.

If desired, the formed steel pipe may be, while still in a soft statebefore quenching treatment, worked and formed into a steel pipe memberhaving a desired shape. In this, the steel pipe optionally worked andformed to have a desired shape before quenching treatment is referred toas “starting steel pipe”. The present inventors' studies have revealedthat, when the starting steel pipe having the above-mentioned chemicalcomposition is quenched and tempered and when the tempering treatment isattained in a low temperature range, then a significant improvement inthe fatigue life of the quenched/tempered steel pipe can be realized.

Concretely, when the starting steel pipe having the above-mentionedcomposition range is processed for quenching treatment of “keeping it at900 to 1100° C. for 10 to 60 seconds and then rapidly cooling it”followed by tempering treatment of “keeping it at 280 to 380° C. for 10to 60 minutes”, then the fatigue life of the thus-processed steel pipecan be significantly improved while the hardness in the center part ofthe wall thickness in the cross section perpendicular to thelongitudinal direction of the steel pipe (hereinafter this may bereferred to as “cross section C”) is kept on a strength level of atleast 400 HV. “Rapid cooling” in the quenching treatment is at a coolingspeed enough to undergo martensitic transformation, for which, forexample, employable is “cooling in water” by dipping the steel pipe inwater.

For use for hollow stabilizers and the like that are required to have ahigh strength, preferably used are those having a high strength of suchthat the hardness in the center part of the wall thickness in the crosssection C is on a strength level of at least 400 HV; and when thestarting steel pipe having the above-mentioned composition range isprocessed for the above-mentioned quenching/tempering treatment, thenthe thus-processed steel pipe can satisfy the high strength level. Asthe cross section C in which the hardness of the steel pipe isevaluated, selected is a part except the site where the cross-sectionalprofile has greatly changed by the process of working the pipe into theintended member (for example, bending treatment). Concretely, themaximum value of the wall thickness in the cross section C isrepresented by t_(max) and the minimum value thereof is by t_(min), andthe part where (t_(max)−t_(min))/t_(max) is at most 0.2 is selected andits hardness is measured.

The present inventors' detailed investigations have revealed that, whencoarse precipitated carbides exist in a steel pipe member, the membercould hardly realize an excellent and stable fatigue life even thoughits strength level is high. Concretely, it is important that the meangrain size of the precipitated carbides is controlled to be at most 0.5μm.

Of the steel pipes to which the invention is directed, those having awall thickness t of from 1 to 7 mm, preferably from 1 to 5 mm, and anouter diameter D of the pipe of from 10 to 45 mm, and satisfying D/t ofat least 4 are suitable for steel pipes for hollow stabilizers. Ascompared with conventional hollow stabilizers formed of steel of thesame kind as that in the invention, the steel pipes of the invention aremore lightweight and can realize hollow stabilizers having high strengthand high fatigue life characteristics on a level comparable to or higherthan that of the conventional ones.

Example 1

A steel in Table 1 was smelted, the slab was heated at 1250° C. for 60minutes, then extracted, hot-rolled (for rough rolling and finishrolling), and wound to a coil at 530° C. After the hot rolling, theplate thickness was 5.6 mm or 8 mm. Thus obtained, the hot-rolled steelplate was washed with acid. The hot-rolled steel plate having athickness of 5.6 mm was a “hot-rolled” plate not processed any more; orthis was thereafter annealed in a hydrogen atmosphere at 690° C. for 18hours to be a “hot-rolled/annealed” plate. The hot-rolled steel platehaving a thickness of 8 mm was thereafter cold-rolled by 30% and thenannealed in a hydrogen atmosphere at 690° C. for 18 hours to be a“cold-rolled/annealed” plate having a thickness of 5.6 mm. The annealingtemperature is not lower than the recrystallization temperature but nothigher than the Ac₁ point. These “hot-rolled” steel plate,“hot-rolled/annealed” steel plate and “cold-rolled/annealed” steel plateare referred to as starting steel plates.

TABLE 1 Chemical Composition (mass %) Classification Steel C Si Mn P SCr Ti Nb T. Al B N Ni Ca Mo V Comparative steel A 0.07 0.81 1.23 0.0160.003 0.16 0.02 0.02 0.021 0.005 0.0041 — — — — Comparative steel B 0.450.63 0.46 0.011 0.004 1.67 0.02 0.02 0.013 0.004 0.0035 — — — —Comparative steel C 0.32 2.12 0.68 0.010 0.006 0.52 0.05 0.05 0.0220.005 0.0033 — — — — Steel of the invention D 0.23 1.05 0.87 0.012 0.0060.33 0.02 0.05 0.019 0.004 0.0052 — — — — Comparative steel E 0.27 0.522.25 0.011 0.002 1.02 0.02 0.03 0.021 0.006 0.0041 — — — — Steel of theinvention F 0.22 0.69 0.72 0.009 0.008 1.11 0.04 0.04 0.024 0.006 0.0039— — — — Comparative steel G 0.30 0.74 0.36 0.014 0.007 2.22 0.03 0.070.020 0.004 0.0047 — — — — Comparative steel H 0.31 1.07 0.85 0.0250.014 0.59 0.03 0.05 0.012 0.004 0.0036 — — — — Comparative steel I 0.290.63 0.47 0.013 0.007 0.85 0.13 0.14 0.018 0.007 0.0048 — — — —Comparative steel J 0.25 1.43 1.25 0.009 0.008 1.23 — — 0.025 0.0050.0037 — — — — Steel of the invention K 0.26 1.15 1.39 0.012 0.005 1.470.03 0.06 0.023 0.006 0.0052 — 0.04 — — Steel of the invention L 0.140.66 0.65 0.008 0.003 0.81 0.04 0.03 0.032 0.004 0.0039 — — 0.38 — Steelof the invention M 0.37 0.80 1.33 0.013 0.008 0.46 0.03 0.05 0.028 0.0050.0051 — — — 0.26 Steel of the invention N 0.29 1.43 0.86 0.015 0.0041.75 0.02 0.02 0.033 0.009 0.0045 0.34 — — — Steel of the invention O0.32 0.65 0.85 0.013 0.005 1.39 0.04 0.03 0.021 0.008 0.0038 — — — —Comparative steel P 0.24 0.99 1.77 0.008 0.003 0.72 0.05 0.03 0.033 0.0002 0.0034 — — — — Comparative steel Q 0.18 0.73 0.23 0.010 0.0050.56 0.04 0.02 0.039 0.004 0.0035 — — — — Steel of the invention R 0.370.82 0.58 0.011 0.018 1.53 0.03 0.03 0.035 0.007 0.0041 — — — — Steel ofthe invention S 0.13 0.76 1.53 0.013 0.008 0.87 0.02 0.04 0.029 0.0050.0045 — — — — Comparative steel T 0.23 0.22 0.44 0.012 0.007 0.29 0.02— 0.033 0.004 0.0036 — 0.03 — — Underlined: outside the scope of theinvention.

Heat treatment of quenching/tempering treatment after pipe formation wassimulated with the above-mentioned, starting steel plate, by which thehardness of the steel plate, the mean grain size of the carbides in thesteel plate and the fatigue characteristics of the steel plate weredetermined.

The quenching treatment was under the condition of “keeping the steelplate at 800 to 1200° C. for 10 to 60 seconds followed by cooling inwater”.

The tempering treatment was under the condition of “keeping the steelplate at 200 to 420° C. for 10 to 60 minutes followed by cooling inair”.

The hardness was measured in the center part of the wall thickness inthe cross section C (cross section perpendicular to the rollingdirection) of the steel plate, using a Vickers microhardness tester.

The mean grain size of the carbides was determined as follows: In thevisual field with TEM (transmission electronic microscope), 30 carbideswere randomly selected in total, and the major diameter of each carbidewas measured. The data were averaged to give the mean grain size of thecarbides.

The fatigue characteristics were evaluated in a metal plate bendingfatigue test according to JISZ2275, in which the maximum bending stresswas 750 N·mm⁻². The sample of which the fracture lifetime in this testis at least 50,000 is recognized to have a significantly improvedfatigue life as compared with conventional hollow stabilizer materials.In this, those of which the fracture lifetime is at least 50,000 areevaluated as good (O); and those of which the fracture lifetime is lessthan 50,000 are evaluated as not good (x).

The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Mean Grain Hardness Size of Fatigue Life Starting QuenchingTreatment Tempering Treatment of Cross Precipitated fracture Steeltemperature time temperature time Section C Carbides lifetimeClassification No. Steel Plate (° C.) (sec) (° C.) (min) (HV) (μm)(×10⁴) evaluation Comparative Example 1 A hot-rolled  900 30 280 30 3620.39 2.10 x Comparative Example 2 B hot-rolled 1050 30 380 45 508 0.753.24 x Comparative Example 3 C hot-rolled  950 60 340 60 519 0.83 3.50 xExample of the Invention 4 D hot-rolled 1000 60 340 45 463 0.24 8.70 ∘Example of the Invention 5 cold-rolled/ 1000 30 280 45 481 0.22 9.83 ∘annealed Example of the Invention 6 hot-rolled 1100 60 380 45 442 0.279.05 ∘ Comparative Example 7 hot-rolled/  850 30 340 45 375 0.81 3.80 xannealed Comparative Example 8 hot-rolled 1200 10 340 45 424 0.66 4.32 xComparative Example 9 hot-rolled 1050 30 200 45 527 0.25 2.99 xComparative Example 10 hot-rolled 1050 30 420 45 371 0.32 4.01 xComparative Example 11 E hot-rolled 1100 60 380 60 336 0.46 1.89 xExample of the Invention 12 F hot-rolled 1000 30 280 30 478 0.34 8.08 ∘Example of the Invention 13 hot-rolled 1100 60 340 30 435 0.37 7.83 ∘Example of the Invention 14 cold-rolled/  900 10 380 30 419 0.36 9.52 ∘annealed Comparative Example 15 G hot-rolled 1100 60 340 45 469 0.743.54 x Comparative Example 16 H hot-rolled  900 60 380 45 415 0.39 2.35x Comparative Example 17 I hot-rolled 1000 60 280 60 413 0.40 3.01 xComparative Example 18 J hot-rolled 1000 60 380 30 429 0.30 1.99 xExample of the Invention 19 K hot-rolled 1050 60 340 45 427 0.35 6.03 ∘Example of the Invention 20 L hot-rolled  900 10 280 45 459 0.39 6.95 ∘Example of the Invention 21 M hot-rolled  950 30 340 60 422 0.41 7.52 ∘Example of the Invention 22 N hot-rolled 1000 10 380 30 474 0.39 6.35 ∘Example of the Invention 23 O hot-rolled 1100 60 380 30 453 0.32 6.11 ∘Comparative Example 24 P hot-rolled 1000 60 340 60 359 0.33 2.04 xComparative Example 25 Q hot-rolled  950 10 340 45 358 0.35 2.88 xExample of the Invention 26 R hot-rolled/ 1050 60 340 30 436 0.29 6.57 ∘annealed Example of the Invention 27 S hot-rolled  900 30 280 45 4140.30 6.14 ∘ Comparative Example 28 T hot-rolled  950 30 340 45 379 0.693.33 x Underlined: outside the scope of the invention.

As known from Table 2, in No. 1 (steel A), No. 24 (steel P) and No. 25(steel Q) of Comparative Examples, the content of C, B and Mn were lowerthan the range defined in the invention. Their quenchability was poor,and therefore the hardness of the steels after tempering was low, andthe fatigue life thereof could not be improved. In No. 11 (steel E), theMn content was too high and the residual austenite phase increased.Accordingly, its hardness lowered after tempering owing to the reductionin the hardness after tempering treatment, and the fatigue life of thesteel was short. In No. 28 (steel T), the Si content was low and thehardness after tempering treatment of the steel was low. In addition,since Nb was not added to this, coarse carbide precipitates larger than0.5 μm were formed in the grain boundaries, and as a result, the grainboundary strength of the steel was lowered and the fatigue life thereofwas short. In No. 2 (steel B), No. 3 (steel C) and No. 15 (steel G), theC, Si and Cr content was high. In No. 18 (steel J), Ti and Nb were notadded. In these, coarse carbide precipitates larger than 0.5 μm wereformed in the grain boundaries, and as a result, the grain boundarystrength of the steel was lowered and the fatigue life thereof wasshort. In No. 17 (steel I), Ti and Nb were added each in an amountoverstepping the scope of the invention. In these, coarse carbides of Tiand Nb were formed, and these carbides acted as the start points forfatigue fracture and the fatigue life of the steel was therebyshortened. In Nos. 7 to 10, the steel D had a composition falling withinthe scope of the invention, for which, however, the quenching/temperingcondition was outside the scope of the invention. Specifically, in No.7, the quenching temperature was too low, and therefore the solidsolution was insufficiently formed, the hardness after tempering was lowand the fatigue life was short. In No. 8, the quenching temperature wastoo high, and therefore, coarse carbide precipitates were formed and thefatigue life was short. In No. 9, the tempering temperature was too low,and in No. 10, the tempering temperature was too high. In these,therefore, the hardness after tempering was outside the scope of theinvention and the fatigue life was short.

As opposed to these, the examples of the invention which were all withinthe scope of the invention in point of the chemical composition and thequenching/tempering condition exhibited a strength level of at least 400HV, and in these, the mean grain size of the carbide precipitates wasnot larger than 0.5 μm, and the fatigue life was on a level of more than50,000 times and was very good. In this, “plate materials” were testedfor the characteristics after quenching/tempering; however, “tubularmaterials” also show the same tendency in point of the influence of thequenching/tempering condition on the improvement of the strength and onthe improvement of the fatigue life thereof. Specifically, when thestarting steel pipe having the composition defined in the invention isprocessed for quenching/tempering treatment under the condition definedin the invention, then the strength and the fatigue characteristics ofthe steel pipe are significantly improved, and various machine structuremembers such as typically hollow stabilizers comprising thethus-processed steel pipe of the invention can be significantly improvedin point of the fatigue life thereof.

Example 2

The steel D, the steel E and the steel G in Table 1 were processedaccording to the same process as in Example 1, and the thuscold-rolled/annealed steel plates were used as starting steel plates.The starting steel plate was formed into a pipe through high-frequencywelding, thereby producing three types of steel pipes a, b and c eachhaving an outer diameter of 30 mm. The steel pipes a and b each had awall thickness of 3 mm; and the steel pipe c had a wall thickness of 5mm. The steel pipes thus formed by welding (starting steel pipes) werecut into a length of 1 m. These were processed for quenching treatmentof “keeping at 950 to 1050° C. (at the temperature shown in Table 3) for30 seconds followed by rapidly cooling in water” and tempering treatmentof “keeping at 340° C. for 45 minutes followed by cooling in air”.Subsequently, the outer surface of the steel pipe was processed forshot-peening treatment. After the quenching/tempering treatment, thesteel pipe (steel pipe member) was analyzed for the hardness in thecenter part of the wall thickness in the cross section C, according tothe same process as in Example 1.

A straight pipe sample 1 m in length was cut out of the above-mentionedsteel pipe, and tested according to a fatigue test in which 100 mm ofboth ends of the steel pipe were fastened and twisting stress was givento the steel pipe in the circumferential direction thereof. In this, astrain gauge was fitted to the outer surface in the center part in thelongitudinal direction of the steep pipe, and a twisting stress of 700N·mm⁻² was imparted to the sample. In this test, when the fracturelifetime is 70,000 times or more, then the sample is recognized to havea greatly increased fatigue life as compared with conventional hollowstabilizers. In this, therefore, the samples having a fracture lifetimeof at least 70,000 times were evaluated as good (O), and those less thanthe level were evaluated as not good (x).

The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Mean Grain Hardness Size of Fatigue Life Plate QuenchingTreatment Tempering Treatment of Cross Precipitated fracture Steelthickness temperature time temperature time Section C Carbides lifetimeClassification Pipe Steel (mm) (° C.) (sec) (° C.) (min) (HV) (μm)(×10⁴) evaluation Example of the Invention a D 3 1000 30 340 45 463 0.249.25 ∘ Comparative Example b E 3 1050 30 340 45 336 0.46 4.04 xComparative Example c G 5 950 30 340 45 469 0.74 5.05 x Underlined:outside the scope of the invention.

As known from Table 3, the steel pipe a of the invention has anincreased high strength of not lower than 400 HV, and in this, the meangrain size of the precipitated carbides was not larger than 0.5 μm.Accordingly, though its wall was thinned, the steel pipe a had betterfatigue characteristics than the steel pipe c having a thick wall(having a higher Cr content). The steel pipe b (having a high Mncontent) could not attain improved fatigue characteristics when its wallwas thin.

1. A high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe having a compositioncomprising, % by mass, C: 0.1 to 0.4%, Si: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.3 to 2%,P: at most 0.02%, S: at most 0.01%, Cr: 0.1 to 2%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.1%, Nb:0.01 to 0.1%, Al: at most 0.1%, B: 0.0005 to 0.01%, and N: at most0.01%, with a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, in which the meangrain size of the precipitated carbides is at most 0.5 μm and of whichthe hardness in the center part of the wall thickness in the crosssection perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe isat least 400 HV.
 2. The high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipeas claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition further contains at leastone of Ni: at most 0.5%, Ca: at most 0.02%, Mo: at most 0.5% and V: atmost 0.5%.
 3. The high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe asclaimed in claim 1, which has a wall thickness t of from 1 to 7 mm andan outer diameter D of from 10 to 45 mm and satisfies D/t≧4.
 4. A methodfor producing a high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe,comprising quenching treatment of keeping an unquenched starting steelpipe having a composition that comprises, % by mass, C: 0.1 to 0.4%, Si:0.5 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.3 to 2%, P: at most 0.02%, S: at most 0.01%, Cr: 0.1to 2%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.1%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.1%, Al: at most 0.1%, B: 0.0005to 0.01%, and N: at most 0.01%, with a balance of Fe and inevitableimpurities, at 900 to 1100° C. for 10 to 60 seconds and then rapidlycooling it, followed by tempering treatment of keeping it at 280 to 380°C. for 10 to 60 minutes.
 5. The method for producing a high fatigue lifequenched/tempered steel pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein the startingsteel pipe further contains at least one of Ni: at most 0.5%, Ca: atmost 0.02%, Mo: at most 0.5% and V: at most 0.5%.
 6. The method forproducing a high fatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe as claimed inclaim 4, wherein the starting steel pipe is formed by welding a steelplate having a wall thickness t of from 1 to 7 mm into a pipe having anouter diameter D of from 10 to 45 mm and satisfying D/t≧4.
 7. The highfatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe as claimed in claim 2, whichhas a wall thickness t of from 1 to 7 mm and an outer diameter D of from10 to 45 mm and satisfies D/t≧4.
 8. The method for producing a highfatigue life quenched/tempered steel pipe as claimed in claim 5, whereinthe starting steel pipe is formed by welding a steel plate having a wallthickness t of from 1 to 7 mm into a pipe having an outer diameter D offrom 10 to 45 mm and satisfying D/t≧4.